What lies beneath: tapping into Australia’s hidden waters

Publicly released:
Australia; NSW
Photo of Professor Andy Baker by Richard Freeman, UNSW Sydney
Photo of Professor Andy Baker by Richard Freeman, UNSW Sydney

It runs from our taps, keeps crops alive and rivers flowing – yet no one knows exactly how much groundwater we have, or how often it’s renewed. UNSW researchers are venturing underground to find out.

News release

From: The University of New South Wales

UNSW researchers are looking at when groundwater recharges, and how climate change is affecting that process.

Groundwater supplies the majority of Australia’s drinking and irrigation water, but scientists still don’t fully understand how rainfall translates into recharge below the surface – particularly as climate change shifts rainfall patterns toward fewer, more intense events.

Our combined engineering and science teams are tracking how water moves from the surface into aquifers – and also how disturbances like severe bushfire can fundamentally change that process.

Water is a limited resource, so what happens when it's 'out of sight, out of mind'? And are we overestimating the security of our underground water reserves?

“We’re tackling this big question of ‘how does water get underground – and how much rainfall is needed to replenish it? That’s not only poorly understood, it’s also hard to measure.”—UNSW Professor Andy Baker.

“This work can help people – decision makers, managers and, importantly, community – see that groundwater is not an endless backup. It is a system that depends on specific rainfall events, land use and long-term care.” —UNSW Associate Professor Marilu Melo Zurita.

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https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2026/02/what-lies-beneath-tapping-into-australias-hidden-waters

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Video The University of New South Wales, Web page
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Organisation/s: The University of New South Wales
Funder: The National Groundwater Recharge Observing System was funded by the Australian Research Council, led by UNSW investigators Andy Baker, Marilu Melo Zurita and Martin Andersen; Wendy Timms (Deakin University) and Margaret Shanafield (Flinders University). The current team includes Stacey Priestley (CSIRO), Danyang Sun and Akhilesh Kumar (both UNSW) and Nane Weber (TU Dresden). Research at Wellington Caves is supported by Dubbo Regional Council.
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