Image by Marcel Langthim from Pixabay
Image by Marcel Langthim from Pixabay

Potential antibody treatment for deadly Nipah and Hendra viruses shows promise in early lab study

Embargoed until: Publicly released:
Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts.

Experimental study: At least one thing in the experiment was changed to see if it had an impact on the subjects (often people or animals) – eg: changing the amount of time mice spend on an exercise wheel to find out what impact it has on weight loss.

Animals: This is a study based on research on whole animals.

Cells: This is a study based on research in micro-organisms, cells, tissue, organs or non-human embryos.

A potential antibody treatment for the deadly Nipah and Hendra viruses has been developed by Australian experts and has shown promise in early lab studies. There are currently no approved human vaccines or therapeutics for these viruses, in part because they are known to frequently mutate, leading to the development of resistance. To address this, the researchers developed an antibody treatment that targets two different sites on the viruses, and they have shown that it can neutralise them in a dish.

Journal/conference: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

Research: Paper

Organisation/s: The University of Queensland, CSIRO, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity

Funder: The Chilean platform for the generation and characterization of Camelid Nanobodies to A.R.F is funded by ANID-FONDECYT (1200427) the regional council of the ‘Los Rios region’ projects (MPG190011, FICR21-01 and FICR22-22), ANID 13220075 EXPLORACION to A.R.F., FONDECYT REGULAR 1200427 to A.R.F., FOVI230099 to A.R.F. and D.W., FICR20-49 to R.J. and G.V.N., 21I10176 Fondef IDeA to R.J. and A.R.F., ANID 3220635 to G.V.N. and FONDECYT REGULAR 1201635 to P.E. D.W. was supported by a CSL Centenary Fellowship. Work was also supported by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant APP1144025. This work was partially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0490000) to S.C. N.M. was supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award Australian Research Council fellowship (DE220101221). The Melbourne WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza is supported by the Australian Government Department of Health and Aging. D.B. and N.T. are supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/PI/230001A and BBS/E/ PI/23NB0003). Work by G.A.M. and J.B. is supported by CSIRO Internal Funding. A.I. is supported by the Medical Research Future Fund (2022950) and NHMRC Ideas (2028995).

Media release

From: The University of Queensland

Tiny antibody has big impact on deadly viruses

Researchers have discovered a strategy to neutralise two highly lethal viruses for which there is currently no approved vaccine or cure.

A team led by Professor Daniel Watterson and Dr Ariel Isaacs at The University of Queensland has identified the first ever nanobody to work against Nipah and Hendra, henipaviruses which have jumped from animals to people in Asia and Australia.

“A nanobody is one-tenth the size of an antibody and being that small it can access hard-to-reach areas of a virus to block infection,” Dr Isaacs said.

“Nanobodies are also easier to produce and more stable at higher temperatures than traditional antibodies, so we are very excited about the potential of our discovery to lead to new treatments.”

The nanobody, called DS90, was among a series isolated by research partners at Universidad Austral de Chile from the immune cells of an alpaca called Pedro.

Camelids, including alpacas, are the only land animals which produce nanobodies.

DS90 was identified via a platform developed by Professor Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez which can isolate nanobodies against viruses of concern.

“Together with UQ, we aimed to construct a broad barrier against future pandemic viruses based on scalable antiviral nanobodies – this fantastic work is just the beginning,” Professor Rojas-Fernandez said.

Tests at Professor Watterson’s laboratory at UQ’s School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences confirmed DS90 could bind successfully to proteins in Nipah and Hendra viruses and block their ability to enter cells.

The team used cryogenic electron microscopy at UQ’s Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis to examine the process.

“We could see exactly how the nanobody bound to the virus reaching right into deep pockets, whereas antibodies typically just bind to exposed surfaces of viruses,” Professor Watterson said.

“This new information is a crucial step towards using a nanobody to combat Hendra and Nipah, which cause outbreaks in people and can often lead to fatal respiratory and neurological disease.”

The team also combined the DS90 nanobody with a developmental antibody therapy that is used as a last resort treatment for people infected with Hendra and Nipah.

“Excitingly, we demonstrated that the combination of DS90 with the m102.4 antibody – which is made at UQ – prevents Nipah virus from mutating and evolving,” Dr Isaacs said.

“This is a powerful technique to prevent new deadly variants emerging.

“Other nanobodies have been approved for use as cancer treatments and it is now exciting to see that nanobodies can also be used to neutralise viruses.

“The next step will be to translate our findings into a therapeutic to be clinically ready in case of an outbreak of Hendra in Australia or Nipah in Asia.”

First identified in Brisbane in 1994, Hendra virus has infected people via horses and flying foxes in eastern Australia. Nipah virus outbreaks in people occur almost annually in Bangladesh and occasionally in other Asian countries where it is carried by bats.

The UQ research project was supported by the work of Professor Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez and Dr Guillermo Valenzuela Nieto at Universidad Austral de Chile, along with scientists at CSIRO’s Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness and the University of Science and Technology of China.

The research has been published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology.

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  • Dr Ariel Isaacs and a model of the DS90 nanobody
    Dr Ariel Isaacs and a model of the DS90 nanobody

    Dr Ariel Isaacs and a model of the DS90 nanobody in yellos on a Nipah virus fusion protein

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    Last modified: 08 Jul 2025 10:54pm

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