Media Release
From: Flinders UniversityMillions of neurons in the gastrointestinal tract coordinate their activity to generate the muscle contractions that propel waste through the last leg of the digestive system, according to a study of isolated mouse colons published in JNeurosci. The newly identified neuronal firing pattern may represent an early feature preserved through the evolution of nervous systems.
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is known as the “second brain” or the brain in the gut because it can operate independently of the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system (CNS).
It has also been called the “first brain” based on evidence suggesting that the ENS evolved before the CNS. Despite the known role of the ENS in generating motor activity in the colon, observing ENS neurons in action has been a challenge.
Professor Nick Spencer and colleagues combined a new neuronal imaging technique with electrophysiology records of smooth muscle to reveal a rhythmic pattern of activity underlying so-called colonic migrating motor complexes. They demonstrate how this activity transports fecal pellets through the mouse colon.
"These findings identify a previously unknown pattern of neuronal activity in the peripheral nervous system," says Professor Spencer, from the Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory at the College of Medicine and Public Health at Flinders University, South Australia.
The article, Identification of a rhythmic firing pattern in the enteric nervous system that generates rhythmic electrical activity in smooth muscle, has been published by the Society for Neuroscience.
